주요 용어 및 기관

PPP & PFI (Public Private Partnerships & Private Finance Initiative)

Author
주영한국교육원
Date
20:54 13 Apr 2016
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2776

What are Public Private Partnerships? (PPP란)

영국 공공서비스 향상을 위한 정부정책의 핵심으로 공공기관과 민간회사 사이의 연계, 합작을 의미

Public Private Partnerships are at the heart of the government's attempts to revive Britain's public services. Any collaboration between public bodies, such as local authorities or central government, and private companies tends to be referred to a public-private partnership (PPP). Tony Blair believes it is the best way to secure the improvements in public services that Labour promised at the last election.

 

What is PFI?

당초 보수당의 아이디어를 노동당에서 적극 활용. 민간회사가 건물/시설을 완성하여 정부에 임대하는 형식

The Private Finance Initiative (PFI) was a creation of the Conservative government in the early 1990s - but it has been enthusiastically embraced by Labour. Governments and local authorities have always paid private contractors to build roads, schools, prisons and hospitals out of tax money.
Under PFI, contractors pay for the construction costs and then rent the finished project back to the public sector. This allows the government to get new hospitals, schools and prisons without raising taxes. The contractor is allowed to keep any cash left over from the design and construction process, in addition to the 'rent' money.

 

What has been done so far? (지금까지의 성과)

학교와 병원은 초기 단계이지만 도로, 감옥 등 분야는 정착

PFI may still be in its infancy for hospitals and schools, but it is already well-established as a way of paying for new roads and prisons. For example, there are now eight new private prisons - with more in the pipeline, and major road schemes like the Thames crossing and the Birmingham relief road are being financed through PFI. The National Health Service (NHS) has probably seen the most new PFI activity recently. It has been estimated that trade in public services could ultimately net the private sector an extra £30bn a year.

 

How far could it go? (어디까지 가나)

정부의 적극적 자세로 관민합작의 범위를 확대하고 있으며 잠재력은 무한하나 노동조합의 반대 등으로 어느 범위까지 확대할 계획인지는 불분명하나 학교는 확대할 계획으로 보임

Labour has embraced the concept of PFI with enthusiasm at the recent general election, and it has also widened the concept of public-private co-operation.
Given that the health and education sectors represent 13% of Britain's GDP the potential rewards for industry of opening up the public sector to private finance are huge.
However, the government is not clear how far it wants to go in these areas in the face of union opposition. But the government seems determined to involve the private sector in managing failing schools.

 

What are the drawbacks? (문제점은)

PPP에 대한 부담을 국민이 떠안는다는 비판. 초기 일부 프로젝트가 기대이하의 수준이라는 증거도 있음. 사실상의 민영화에 의해 근로조건이 악화된다는 문제제기

Critics argue that taxpayers will end up footing the bill for PPP. According to a survey conducted for by Labour Research Department for the GMB union, the 'rent' for PFI projects in the health service alone will top £13bn. There is also evidence that some early PFI projects have not been up to standard. Private companies have been accused of cutting corners in order to maximise profits.
One big criticism of PFI is that the only way companies can turn a profit is by cutting employees' wages and benefits. Unions talk of jobs being 'privatised'. Their members are shifted into the private sector, where they have fewer employment rights and benefits such as pensions and childcare. One of the most famous privatisations under the Conservative government, British Rail, has been widely criticised.

 

How far could it go? (어디까지 가나)

정부의 적극적 자세로 관민합작의 범위를 확대하고 있으며 잠재력은 무한하나 노동조합의 반대 등으로 어느 범위까지 확대할 계획인지는 불분명하나 학교는 확대할 계획으로 보임

Labour has embraced the concept of PFI with enthusiasm at the recent general election, and it has also widened the concept of public-private co-operation.
Given that the health and education sectors represent 13% of Britain's GDP the potential rewards for industry of opening up the public sector to private finance are huge.
However, the government is not clear how far it wants to go in these areas in the face of union opposition. But the government seems determined to involve the private sector in managing failing schools.

 

What are the arguments for PPP? (논쟁점은?)

찬성론자들은 공공서비스의 질 향상에 기여, 서비스 수준의 계속적인 개선에 기여하고 새로운 시설을 얻는 값싸고 효과적인 방안이라고 주장. 그렇다고 모든 공공사업을 민간자본에 넘기겠다는 것은 아니라고 정부는 주장. 민간자본에 의한 공공시설이 실패한 경우도 있지만 학교와 병원 프로그램은 공공서비스 향상에 크게 기여할 것으로 전망

Advocates of PPP say that many hospitals and schools would not be built at all if it was not for private finance - the public money was simply not available. They claim that PFI will lead to a dramatic increase in the quality of public services. Performance-related penalties that are now built into most PFI contracts will ensure a continuing improvement in standards, far in advance of anything that could be achieved in the public sector, they argue. PFI is a fast, effective - and in the short term at least - cheap way of getting new facilities built.

Will direct funding of new schools and hospitals eventually cease? The majority of public works are still directly funded by government. And the government insists it has not written off the public sector altogether. However, it is gearing up for a massive increase in private involvement in public services in the years ahead. Local authorities are increasingly being steered towards PPP. There are some areas where public-private schemes may ultimately prove unsuitable.

Some PFI projects, such as Capita's managing of the housing benefit system in Lambeth and some IT projects, have already proved disastrous. But the government is hoping that the current hospital and school building programme will demonstrate to sceptics - and the unions - that it is the only way to revamp the country's ailing public services.